While freedom was greeted with euphoria in many places, it could not mask the deep political instability that often accompanied independence. Electoral systems provide different kinds of incentives to appeal to voters in order to yield electoral pay. In nigeria, open ballot system, also known as option a4, is a voting method in which voters vote openly by queuing or otherwise, indicating the candidate of their choice. Civic education in nigerias one hundred years of existence. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process. In september, the first election took place in lagos and calabar. There are 3 types of municipal councils in south africa. In addition, it examines the constraints on the part of the citizens bestowed with this right. This is as opposed to a secret ballot, where a voters choices are confidential. The plethora of cases emanating from the 2015 elections demands for total electronic voting system as the only panacea for credible, free and fair election in nigeria. Nigeria but any of the grandparents is a citizen of nigeria. Nigeria voter registration system the independent national electoral commission inec is the main agent of democracy in nigeria. Current structure of fiscal federalism in nigeriaa legacy of military rule. Electronic voting system and its role in ensuring credible electoral process nigeria as a case study proceedings of 17 th iserd international conference, new york, usa, 15 november 2015, isbn.
A brief tour through the history of nigerian federalism reveals sharp turning points in. Ideologies, party politics and nigerias politicoeconomic. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. General studies directorate abubakar tafawa balewa university, bauchi, nigeria email. May 14, 2018 generally, the kaduna local government elections were less than perfect but far from terrible in technological experience. The nigerian electoral system electoral systems and. Violence and coercion became a common means of changing.
Bridge the digital divide with mobile phones and radio. Efforts are made to reconcile the open ballot system of voting with the whole concept of right to vote. But, its institutionalization depend on the successful. The system minimizes incidences of election rigging that comes with the secret ballot system as well as other electoral. The confidence of the citizens in the electoral system and their participation in the electoral process are requisites for the enthronement of responsible and democratic leaders. Challenges and opportunities september 2011 background from the 1950s through to the 1970s, decolonization swept across africa.
Inec is a permanent body created by the constitution to organize federal and state elections in nigeria. Under the proper handling and control, they make it impossible to falsify results of the voting or rig an election. The house of representatives has 360 members which are elected for a fouryear term in singleseat constituencies and there are 109 members in the senate members elected as senate members. However, as a sign of progress on transition to e voting system, the senate, on. Nigeria s population to be 31,559,026, the political parties all agreed that there should be approximately one seat in the new house of representatives to every 100,000 persons in nigeria. If nigeria and the leadership of nigeria sincerely mean to fight corruption as they claim then digital voting system must be adopted into the voting process to aid the independent national. Str n then health systems based on the primary health care app oach.
An overview of the organization of the nigerian health system and the direction in. Enhancing youth political participation throughout. Anyone may voluntarily participate above the age of 18. In all these types of citizenship, it is expccted that persons are of good character, have shown the intention to be domiciled in nigeria and are willing to makc a useful contribution to the advancement, progress and well being of nigeria. In 1963 nigeria became a republic within the commonwealth. E voting system is feasible in the 2011 general elections with strong political will. Inside nigerias first ever electronic voting exercise in. Consists of the nigerian armed forces, navy, and air force. In nigeria, for instance, people voted for obasanjo for the first and second term election that is 1999 and 2003. An alternative method to conduct its election was used during its 2015 general elections and a lot of hitches. The objective of this paper was to examine various electoral malpractices and problems in africa, looking critically at suffrage, franchise and elections and the attendant problems as.
An appraisal of precipitating factors in nigeria olayiwola victor ojo m sc political science, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria abstract nigerias electoral politics from independence has been tumultuous. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Electoral systems determine the rules according to which the voter may express their. The international idea handbook of electoral system design. As a historical milestone for nigeria and africa, a lot of tinkering on the drawing board is necessary to better the experience for future electronic voting elections. But a more crucial problem in nigerias electoral system is that of vote buying and vote selling. While africanists assume that context make a signi. For the purpose of this paper, emphasis was on four educational systems in nigeria.
A study of nigerias independent national electoral commission 19992011, unpublished phd dissertation, department of political science, ahmadu bello university, zaria. Nature and source of right the right to vote is viewed by some as a. More significantly, it focuses on the open ballot system of voting adopted in nigeria during the last transition period under the babangida administration. State independent electoral commissions and local government. The framework for electoral in nigeria is anchored on two instruments. University, adoekiti, nigeria abstract gender discrimination has become a preponderant phenomenon all over the world, with particular reference to nigeria as a nation. Despite the partly evoting system implementation in nigeria, some challenges were encountered in the voting process such as slow application response, high rate of biometric rejection during. Ideologies, party politics and nigerias politicoeconomic development godwin ichimi, phd nigerian institute of international affairs, 15, kofoabayomi street, victoria island lagos, nigeria abstract a convergence of a commitment to some distinctive normative this paper aims at interrogating the apparent dearth. An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. This is after a period of military rule in the past. Electoral system design is now accepted as being of crucial importance to wider issues of governance, and as probably the most influential of all political institutions. Elections are held concurrently for the bicameral national legislature, the national assembly, which consists of the senate and house of representatives. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative means of data collection. I would still go with manual voting as a voting system for nigeria.
No technology was used for accreditation of voters, voting, sorting and counting, collation and transmission of results. D being text of paper delivered at the june 12 anniversary lecture organized by the political and legislative powers bureau of lagos state government in conjunction. In nigeria, open ballot system obs, also known as option a4, is a voting method in which voters vote openly by queuing or otherwise, indicating the candidate of their choice. The computer alone has progressed at a remarkable pace, and updates are continually occurring. Top priorities for the continent in 2015 with rising income, lower unemployment and better educated citizens, and a much poorer, less educated and struggling north atuanya 20. Consequent to the dilemma and in the quest for effective system of voting, policy makers in nigeria begin to advocate for evoting adoption as an alternative to lack of transparency, loss of. The secret ballot is a system of voting whereby voting is done secretly. The paper pointed out that civic education equipped the citizens with democratic skills that strengthen the civil society. An appraisal of precipitating factors in nigeria olayiwola victor ojo m sc political science, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria abstract nigeria s electoral politics from independence has been tumultuous. Every week, a radio team frames a topic or a question and asks listeners to contribute to the discussion via. Nigeria has a multiparty system, with two or three strong parties and a third party that is electorally successful.
The import of the paper is that effective citizenship education in nigeria is the panacea to democratic stability in the country and. The electronic voting system in nigeria the system of electronic voting is one the most effective inventions that can be applied to the voting process. Most democratic countries operate the secret ballot. A mixed or hybrid system, making use of both the ward system and the proportional representation pr system, is used for municipal elections. The paper gave the historical account of civic education in nigeria and emphasized that training for civic responsibility was one of. Common law, derived from its british colonial past, and a development of its own after independence. The independent national electoral commission inec, set up in 1998, is the electoral body which was set up to oversee elections in nigeria.
The voter is required to touch the icon next to the intended partys symbol. Of nigerias niger delta coast settlements to sea level rise pdf, 3,1 mb. With the promises which democracy seemed to hold for the people of nigeria, the system was, popularly embraced and. Nigeria as a country has had her share of democratic structure.
An audit of the electoral system by professor olanrewaju fagbohun, ph. Having firmly and solemnly resolve, to live in unity and harmony as one indivisible and indissoluble sovereign nation under god, dedicated to the promotion of interafrican solidarity, world peace, international cooperation and understanding. There was a time in nigeria when women were campaigning for a chance to vote and eventually, there come the universal adult suffrage that. This paper examined civic education in nigerias one hundred years of existence. It also describes the integrated technologies involved internet, mobile. Abstract this paper examined the extent to which the citizens are involved in political activities. A study of some selected local government areas in ondo state, nigeria. Salahu mohammed lawal, phd department of history and international studies ibrahim badamasi babangida university, lapai, niger state nigeria abstract democracy has been acknowledged as the most widely accepted form of government. There is increasing role of automatedbased medical intelligence and surveillance systems, in addition to the traditional manual pattern of document retrieval in. Citizenship education and democratic stability in nigeria. Nigeria abinbola, 2012 electronic voting e voting is an electrical system of voting introduced by advanced countries of the world to improve election processes. Nigeria in need of electronic voting system vanguard news. Since the introduction of the senior school certificate in 1989, the nigerian primary and secondary education system consists of 6 years of primary education for.
There are three distinct systems of law in nigeria. Nigeria follows a presidential electoral system, with a president elected directly by voters in a fouryearly election cycle, with a twoterm limit. Democracy and electoral process in nigeria politics essay. Since 1999 that nigeria returned to democratic government, our processes have been marred by many irregularities and violence. Literatures have revealed that as a result of technological advancement coupled with the myriad problems of manual voting. Pdf biometric online voting system in nigeria joseph. In liberal democratic theory, an election is a viable mechanism for consummating representative government and voting is the main form of political participation in democratic societies. Independent national electoral commission wikipedia. Electoral reform and the prospects of democratic consolidation in nigeria j shola omotola j shola omotola is lecturer in the department of political science and public administration, redeemers university, nigeria email. Nigeria operated as a oneparty dominant political system in which the pdp held sway and controlled enormous resources compared to. Herskovits 1979, nigeria rejected britains parliamentary form of democracy which they had continued after independence in 1960 and chose the first wholly nigerianmade constitution, to follow the american model instead. Efforts are made to reconcile the open ballot system. However, members of the peoples democratic party pdp had controlled the presidency since elections were resumed in 1999 until 2015 when muhammadu buhari won the presidential election. Local government administration in nigeria is classified as the third tier of government while several problems have been its recurring decimal and various reforms since 1976 havent been able to make the system effective and responsible to developmental challenges.
The mission of inec is to provide the highest quality election services to the people of nigeria. It is an attempt to willfully compromise the integ rity of the electoral process or system to achieve unmerited. Charles while addressing the it journalist in lagos ahead of the followup retreat between nigeria. Similarly, the paper proposes solutions to some of the problems encountered in. Pdf a framework for the adoption of electronic voting. In section 5, the paper presents the eregistration exercise in nigeria. The theoretical framework for the study is cultural relativism. Along with the progress of the computer comes the transformation of the virtual world.
The proposed adoption of e voting in nigeria by the electoral body. Electoral violence in nigeria is caused by electoral fraud and manipulation of figures and data to deny the rightful winners their popular mandates given to them and certified by the elec toral process. Who country cooperation strategy, nigeria 2014 2019. System helps ensure free and fair elections in nigeria. The change in status called for no practical alteration of the constitutional system.
The federal republic of nigeria comprises of 36 states, the federal capital territory fct, and 774 local government areas lgas. Nigeria obviously had been experiencing a high level of thuggery, insecurity and violence, less participation in its electoral processes. Under the e voting system, polling stations would be equipped with e voting machines which are also known as directrecording electronic voting systems dre. Electronic voting system in nigeria is defined as the allowance of a voting machine in nigeria election processes for a clean clear, violence free and doubt free election. Historically, in the world, nigeria and bauchi in particular, several factors such as historical experiences, new happenings and performance of previous regime determine the voting pattern of the populace. Nigerias electoral process has been confronted with daunting and enormous challenges which bedevil the conduct of elections considered free, fair and acceptable both within the country and internationally. Case study of the all progressives congress olakunle olowojolu lecturer department of political science and international relations, landmark university, omuaran, nigeria abstract right from the 1960s, both the ruling parties and the opposition parties are always at. As aforementioned, the military ruled the country between independence in 1960 and 1999 when nigeria. Political electoral systems are organized by governments, while nonpolitical elections may take place in business, nonprofit organisations and informal organisations. The nigerian electoral process in perspective elections under colonial rule before independence in 1960, nigeria, which existed as an amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates since 1914, had already witnessed three different elections. The relative roles of the three tiers of governmentthe federal.
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